Using GPS and Navigation in the Alaska Wilderness

Alaska’s vast and rugged wilderness offers breathtaking beauty—and serious challenges when it comes to navigation. With limited cell coverage in many areas, relying solely on online maps or your smartphone’s live GPS feed isn’t just unreliable—it can be dangerous. Whether you're hiking, driving remote roads, or exploring by snowmobile, it’s essential to understand how to navigate without signal.

This guide walks you through the tools, strategies, and safety measures necessary to stay oriented and safe in Alaska’s backcountry.

Understanding the GPS System

GPS, or Global Positioning System, relies on satellites rather than cell towers. This means most dedicated GPS devices and even smartphones with location services enabled can still determine your position without a signal. However, without an active internet connection, your mapping app may not display terrain or routing information unless maps are downloaded in advance.

Prepping for Navigation Without Signal

Download Offline Maps

Before you head out, download detailed offline maps of the area using apps like Gaia GPS, OnX, or Google Maps. Ensure topographic layers are included if available. This will allow you to see trails, terrain, and landmarks without needing a connection.

Carry a Dedicated GPS Device

Devices like the Garmin GPSMAP or inReach Explorer+ are built for wilderness navigation. They offer topographic maps, waypoint marking, and often SOS functions. These are especially valuable when traveling beyond vehicle-accessible areas like the Dalton Highway (Driving the Dalton Highway: Full Survival Guide).

Use a Compass and Paper Maps

Technology can fail. Always bring a compass and a detailed topographic map as a reliable backup. Learn how to use them beforehand. Alaska’s terrain can change quickly with snow or low visibility, making map-and-compass skills vital.

Navigating in Remote Areas

Identify Landmarks

Use natural markers—like rivers, ridges, and mountains—as orientation tools. These can help confirm your location visually when GPS signals are weak or unavailable.

Set Waypoints

Whether using a handheld GPS or an app, mark important waypoints like your car, campsites, or trailheads. If you get turned around, you’ll have a reference to guide you back.

Track Your Route

Many GPS devices and apps offer route tracking. Turn this on at the beginning of your trip. If you need to retrace your steps, a breadcrumb trail can be invaluable.

Staying Safe While Navigating

Know the Law

When traveling through Alaska by vehicle, even to access wilderness areas, stay informed on legal requirements. For example, snowmobiles and ATVs must comply with Alaska ATV and Snowmobile Road Laws.

Let Someone Know Your Plan

Always tell a friend or family member where you’re going and when you plan to return. If you get lost or injured, this information helps rescue teams find you.

Watch for Changing Conditions

Alaska’s weather shifts quickly. Sudden whiteouts, especially in winter, can obscure landmarks and trail visibility. Learn to recognize signs of snow drifts and prepare using guides like Dealing with Snow Drifts and Whiteouts.

Troubleshooting GPS Issues

No Position Detected

Move to higher ground or clear areas to get better satellite visibility. Avoid valleys or dense tree cover if possible.

Device Battery Drain

Cold temperatures sap battery life. Carry backup batteries and keep devices warm inside your jacket or sleeping bag when not in use.

App Crashes or Data Loss

Always test your navigation app before your trip. Keep a backup map and compass handy in case the app becomes unusable.

Preparing for Extreme Conditions

Alaska’s daylight extremes can challenge even experienced navigators. In summer, the sun may not set. In winter, it may not rise. Navigating in these extremes can disorient the unfamiliar. Learn how to adjust your travel and rest schedules with this resource: Understanding Alaska’s Daylight Extremes.

Exploring Alaska’s wilderness requires more than just a smartphone. With the right tools and preparation, you can safely experience the remote beauty of the state while staying on track. Equip yourself with offline maps, reliable GPS units, and a healthy respect for the unpredictable nature of the terrain, and your backcountry journey will be safer and more rewarding.